(3)I bught the watch 2 wees ag. =I the watch since 2 wees ag.
(4)It is 5 das since I brrwed the b. =I the b fr 5 das.
(5)The fil has begun. = The fil fr half an hur.
(6)I gt t nw hi 10 ears ag. =I hi fr 10 ears.
(7)There is a factr. =There a factr fr 20 ears.
(8)Our schl pened in 1960. =Our schl since 1960.
(七)现在完成时中应注意的几个问题
1. have been t 和have gne t的区别
have been t 强调“去过”,现已不在那里,如:
He has been t the USA three ties.
他到美国去过三次。(过去“到美国”,现在已“不在美国”)
have gne t主要强调的是“去了”,现在人不在说话的现场,如:
—Where’s ur ther? —你妈妈在哪?
—She has gne t the hspital. —她去医院了。
2. have been t 和have been in的区别
have been t强调人“已回到原地”,后面可接表示“次数”的状语。
eg. ① She has been t Shanghai nl nce.
②—Hw an ties has he been there? —He’s been there an ties.
have been in表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间,现仍在那里”,其后常带表示一段时间的状语。
eg. ①The have been at the bus stp fr half an hur.他们在车站呆了半小时。(现在仍然在车站)
②We have been in Xi’an fr tw wees.
我们在西安呆了两个多星期。(现仍在西安)
③Hw lng have the been in China?
他们在中国呆了多长时间了?(仍在中国)
(八)如何通过与一般过去时做比较,进一步掌握现在完成时?
一般过去时和现在完成时的动作都发生在过去,但意义却不同.
如: I learned ten English sngs(说明过去学过,现在是否记得,不是本句的内容)
I have learnt ten English sngs.(learn发生在过去,但强调我现在懂英语歌曲)
I cleaned the blacbard half an hur ag.(只说明“擦”和其发生的时间)
I have cleaned the blacbard.(说明现在黑板是干净的)
The teacher has written se new wrds n the blacbard(黑板上现在有单词)
The teacher wrte se new wrds n the blacbard(黑板上现在没有单词)
(2)一般过去时可以和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:esterda, last ear, three das ag, ust nw, 等。现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,其时间状语可以是since…, fr…, ust, ever, never, befre, alread, et , s far, all ne’s life等
(九)规则动词的过去分词和它的过去式相同,即在原形后加-ed(-d)。已学近80个不规则动词的过去分词约有半数也和它的过去式相同,现分类如下,以利于同学们记忆:
1)原形中的元音字母有变化:
get-gt-gt, sit –sat-sat win-wn-wn spit- spat- spat shine –shne- shne
find- fund- fund hld-held-held eet- et-et stand- std-std
understand-understd-understd feed- fed-fed hang-hung-hung
2)原形中的辅音字母有变化:
ae-ade-ade spill-spilt-spilt have/ has-had-had build-built-built
send-sent-sent lend- lent- lent spend-spent-spent
3)在原形后加t或d:
spil-spilt-spilt learn-learnt-learnt ean-eant-eant hear-heard-heard
pa-paid-paid sa-said-said lse-lst-lst la-laid-laid
4)原形中的元音字母和辅音字母都有变化:
feel-felt-felt sell-selt-selt spell-spelt –spelt eep-ept-ept
sleep-slept-slept sweep-swept-swept leave-left-left sell-sld-sld
tell-tld-tld catch-caught-caught teach-taught-taught bu-bught-bught
bring-brught-brught thin-thught-thught wear-wre-wrn
5)与原形相同:
hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt let-let-let put-put-put read-read-read
set-set-set shut-shut shut cst-cst-cst cut-cut-cut
还有些不规则动词的过去分词与过去式不相同,为便于记忆,也分类如下:
1)原形中的元音字母有变化:
ring-rang-rung sing-sang-sung drin-dran-drun swi-swa-swu
begin-began-begun sin-san-sun
2)在原形上加-en:
eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen ride-rde-ridden write-wrte- written
be-was/were-been rise-rse-risen frget-frgt-frgtten
3:在原形上加-n:
see-saw-seen give-gave-given drive-drve-driven tae-t-taen
istae-ist-istaen draw-drew-drawn blw-blew-blwn
grw-grew-grwn nw-new-nwn shw-shwed-shwn thrw-threw-thrwn
4)在过去式上加-n:
steal-stle-stlen brea-bre–bren chse-chse-chsen spea-spe-spen wae-we-wen
5)与原形相同:ce-cae-ce run-ran-run bece-becae-bece
6)原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同的:
d-did-dne g-went-gne fl-flew-flwn lie-la-lain
7)个别动词有两个过去式和过去分词,一个为规则变化,另一个为不规则变化:
【典型例题】
1. I have alread ______ the agazine fr 2 wees. I ust return it t the librar tda.
A. lent B. bught C. brrwed D. ept
解析:答案选D。
这是一句现在完成时的句子,表示从过去开始持续到现在的行为,fr 表示一段时间,后接时间长度,本句的意思应为:这本杂志我已经借了两个星期了。在这样的时间状语为“fr+时间长度”的句子里,谓语动词要有可持续性,而不能为短暂性动词,因此,本题只能选D。因为“lent”,“bught”,“brrwed”均为短暂性动词,且“bught”,“lent”与句义不符。故选D。
下面列出一些短暂性动词的持续性表达:
arrive—be in brrw—eep bu—have fall ill—be ill
in—be in leave—be awa fr begin—be n die—be dead等等
2. —Where are the children? — The ________ t Beiing.
A. have been B. have gne C. have left D. have arrived
解析:答案选B。
本题首先可排除C,D选项。“离开此地去北京”为“leave fr Beiing”,“到达北京”为“arrive in Beiing”. 然后再看A,B 选项,“have been t”意思是“去过某地”,表示曾经去过某地,现在已经回来或到其他地方,目前人已不在那里。“have gne t”意思是“去了某地”,表示人正去那里或已在去那里的途中。本题中,孩子们不在说话人所在的地方,所以应该选择B,表示他们已经去了北京或在去北京的途中。故选B。
3. — _______ has he taught English in this schl? —Fr 2 ears.