如何鉴赏英语诗歌

2020-07-20诗歌

如何鉴赏英语诗歌

  英语的诗歌怎么鉴赏?我为各位带来了下面几篇英语诗歌,希望对大家有帮助。

  如何鉴赏英语诗歌

  一、 诗的格律 “格律是指可以用脚打拍子的节奏”,是每个音步轻重音节排列的'格式,也是朗读时轻重音的依据.而音步是由重读音节和非重读音节构成的诗的分析单位.重读音节为扬(重),在音节上用“-”或“?”标示,非重读音节为抑(轻),在音节上用“?”标示,音步之间可用“/”隔开.以下是五种常见格式:

  1. 抑扬格(轻重格)Iambus:是最常见的一种格式,每个音步由一个非重读音节加一个重读音节构成.

  As fair / art thou / my bon/nie lass,

  So deep / in luve / am I :

  And I / will luve / thee still,/ my dear, Till a` / the seas / gang dry:

  Robert Burns(1759-1796): My Luve Is like a Red, Red Rose

  注;art=are luve=love bonnie=beautiful a`=all gang=go

  上例中为四音步与三音步交叉,可标示为:

  2.扬抑格(重轻格)Trochee:每个音步由一个重读音节加一个非重读音节构成.

  下例中为四音步扬抑格(少一个轻音节),可标示为:

  Tyger!/ Tyger!/ burning / bright

  In the / forests / of the / night

  William Blake: The Tyger

  3. 抑抑扬格(轻轻重格)Anapaestic foot: 每个音步由两个非重读音节加一个重读音节构成.如:三音步抑抑扬格?-/?-/?-

  Like a child / from the womb,

  Like a ghost / from the tomb,

  I arise / and unbuild / it again.

  4. 扬抑抑格(重轻轻格)Dactylic foot: 每个音步由一个重读音节加两个非重读音节构成.如:两音步扬抑抑格-?/-?

  ?Touch her not / ?scornfully,

  ?Think of her / ?mournfully.

  - Thomas Hood

  5. 抑扬抑格(轻重轻格)Amphibrach:每个音步由一个非重读音节加一个重读音节再加一个非重读音节构成.如:三音步抑扬抑格?-?/?-?/?-?下例中最后一个音步为抑扬格.

  O ?hush thee / my ?babie / thy ?sire was / a knight.

  在同一首诗中常会出现不同的格律,格律解析对朗读诗歌有一定参考价值.现代诗中常不遵守规范的格律.

  二、 诗的押韵

  押韵是指通过重复元音或辅音以达到一定音韵效果的诗歌写作手法.

  1. 尾韵:最常见,最重要的押韵方式.

  1) 联韵:aabb型.

  I shot an arrow into the air,

  It fell to earth, I knew not where;

  For, so swiftly it flew, the sight

  Could not follow it in its flight.

  Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: The Arrow and the Song

  2) 交叉韵:abab型.

  Sunset and evening star,

  And one clear call for me!

  And may there be no moaning of the bar,

  When I put out to sea,

  Alfred Tennyson(1809-1892): Crossing the Bar

  3) 同韵:有的诗押韵,一韵到底,大多是在同一节诗中 共用一个韵脚.

  如下例就共用/i:p/为韵脚.

  The woods are lovely, dark and deep,

  But I have promises to keep,

  And miles to go before I sleep,

  And miles to go before I sleep.

  Robert Frost (1874-19633): Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

  2. 头韵:是指一行(节)诗中几个词开头的辅音相同,形成押韵.下例中运用/f/、/b/与/s/头韵生动写出了船在海上轻快航行的景象.

  The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew,

  The furrow followed free,

  We were the first that ever burst

  Into that silent sea.

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