英语作文 篇5
第一部分:点多句少,内容具体
结论段的第一部分为提出具体建议,在写此类句子时,考生应明确常用的写作角度,并提前策划好该类句子的常用写作结构,准备相应的参考句型,这样才能在考场上发挥自如。
1. 写作角度
在写作中提具体建议时,考生既可以从宏观层面的角度提,也可以从微观层面的角度提。
就宏观层面来说,考生可以从以下五个角度来考虑:①是否需要立法;②是否需要制订计划;③是否需要投资;④是否需要进行区域和国际合作;⑤是否需要建立支持、监督和反馈机制。
就微观层面来说,考生可以从以下三个角度来考虑:①媒体是否应该加强宣传;②公众是否应该保持理性或积极合作的态度;③公众是否应该采取实际行动。
笔者曾将考研英语大作文经常考查的话题分为八大范畴(注:见本刊20xx年6月号文章《考研英语图画作文备考策略》)。在这八大范畴中,环境保护类、媒介类、交通类和文化类等话题是宏观类话题,考生写作时既可以从宏观层面的角度来写,也可以从微观层面的角度来写;而对于体育类、人生态度类、代际关系类、娱乐健康类等更与个人直接相关的微观类话题而言,则最好从微观层面的角度来写。
不过,笔者虽然提出了多种写作角度,但鉴于结论段只需写3~4句话,考生构思考研英语大作文时不必面面俱到,只需挑两个自己擅长又切合作文主题的角度来写即可。换句话说,结论段的一大写作策略是“点多句少”,考生需时刻谨记。
2. 句子结构
考生在策划结论段“提建议”的句子时,需要注意两点:一是句子的主语不能太虚;二是尽量避免写空话。下面我们通过实例分析来对这两点作具体说明。
● 句子主语不能太虚
“句子主语不能太虚”指的是考生在写结论段时尽量不要一味地使用第一人称we作主语,以避免使文章的主语显得单调乏味、缺乏变化。下面我们以20xx年考研英语大作文真题“旅途之余”为例,来看看一名考生就这个话题写的文章结论段。
To solve this problem, first, we should establish a monitoring and feedback mechanism to keep environmental protection on the right track. Second, we should amend relevant rules and regulations. Third, we must observe these rules and regulations. Only in these ways can we have a brilliant future and maintain a sustainable development.
点评:在这个结论段中,表示具体建议的句子都写得比较清楚,但是这几个句子使用的主语都是we,使用的句式也较为雷同(如“we should …”“we must …”等),这使整个段落显得单调、乏味。但如果我们稍微变换一下各个句子的主语,便能达到表意更明确、句式更多样的效果。再看下面变换主语之后的结论段。
To solve this problem, it is important for the central authority to establish a monitoring and feedback mechanism to keep environmental protection on the right track. For another thing, the departments concerned are expected to amend relevant rules or regulations. As for the tourists, they must be required to observe such rules or regulations. If we can identify the cause of the problem, we can certainly find its cure.
点评:修改后的句子变换了相应的'主语,同时在句式上也作了相应的变化,使整个段落的意思表达更具体、明确,内容也更丰富多样。
● 尽量避免写空话
有些考生喜欢使用“我们应该增强意识,采取广泛具体的行动,才有美好未来”之类的空话来写结论段。这种写法虽能“应付”宏观类的写作话题,但会使文章显得过于空泛,没有实质性内容。而当写作话题是爱心、信心、友谊等微观类话题时,考生如果使用上述空话,会显得有些风马牛不相及。因而,在写作结论段的第一部分时,考生应将实际行动写出来。
3. 参考句型
除了不要一味使用主语we外,为了避免结论段句式过于单调,考生还应尽量减少使用should、must、ought to等表示“应该”“必须”的词汇。下面列举几个重要句型供考生参考。
① The central authority is supposed to +动词 …
② The governmental departments at local levels are obliged to +动词 …
③ It is important for the general public to +动词 …
④ It is essential that journalists +动词 …
⑤ Journalists are expected to play their role in this issue: their task is to +动词 …
上文提到,当面对微观类话题时,考生在写作时应将具体的实际行动写出来,而不能写“增强意识”“立法”“计划”之类较为空泛的话。下面笔者就几个常见的微观类话题提供几个“提建议”的参考例句。
① As for the youth, they are supposed to extend a helping hand and treat other people with sincerity. (适用于“爱心”“友谊”等话题)
② As for the youth, they are supposed to think independently and cultivate their analytical and problem solving abilities. (适用于“教育”话题)
③ As for the youth, they are supposed to take on challenges, keep grace under pressure, but most important of all, strive for a goal. (适用于“信心”“独立”“自强不息精神”“成功”等话题)
④ As for the youth, they are supposed to shoulder responsibility rather than shift it to other people. (适用于“养老”“社会责任”等话题)
⑤ As for the youth, they are supposed to observe relevant rules and regulations. The best philosophy is to learn self-control. (适用于“网络”“行为自律”等话题)
第二部分:不求具体,重在概括
结尾句是表示段落总结的句子,因而其内容不要求具体,重在概括。下面笔者就从写作角度和参考例句两部分来详细讲解。
1. 写作角度
结尾句一般以1~2句为宜,笔者建议考生从以下三个角度构思结尾句:①叙述“通过上述方式,我们才能迎来美好的未来/持续发展/健康和谐的生活”;②阐述“问题很复杂,需要从各个方面综合努力解决”;③阐述“人类的态度对事件发展起着关键性的作用”。
2. 参考例句
根据上面提到的写作角度,考生可以写出很多结尾句。下面列举几例供考生参考。
① To sum up, this issue is so complicated that it seems in vain to seek simple solutions to it. Above all, it is people’s actions that count for the most in this issue.
② To sum up, it is important to take all aspects into consideration and attach each of them due weight.
③ Anyway, in view of the complexity of this issue, it is essential that we treat it from social, economical and cultural perspectives.
④ In a word, if we treat this issue with sincerity and enthusiasm, a brilliant future will be waiting for us.
⑤ If we can identify the cause of the problem, we can find its cure.
另外,在教学过程中发现很多考生写作时常常引用名人名言来作为文章结尾句,希望以此为文章增加亮点。但笔者对此做法不敢苟同,原因有二:一是名人名言范畴很广,数量太多,背诵会占用大量的时间,并非是一种高效的备考策略;二是考研英语大作文写作话题灵活,考生能否恰到好处地使用名人名言结尾也是一个很大的问题。所以笔者建议考生写结尾句时慎用名人名言。
实战演练
下面笔者以20xx年考研英语大作文真题“你一条腿,我一条腿;你我一起,走南闯北”为例,结合上面讲述的写作方法来分析如何写作文章的结论段。
从图画和文字说明可以看出,20xx年考研英语大作文的主题是“互助精神”(mutual support)。这显然是一个微观类的话题,考生在提出具体建议时,可以从微观层面的角度来提,如媒体加强宣传、公众落实行动等。对于结尾句,考生可以从“人们的态度在这一事件中起着重要作用”这一角度来写。在确定好相应的写作角度后,考生便可以利用上述列举的参考句型(例句)或自己设计的句型来进行结论段的写作。下面提供一个结尾的范例来供考生参考。
To advocate the spirit of mutual support in our society, it is important for journalists to make clear the importance of mutual support in people’s daily life. In this way, citizens can treat this issue positively. As for the youth, they are supposed to extend a helping hand and treat others with sincerity. After all, it is people’s actions and attitudes that count for the most in this issue.
点评:该段落充分利用上述所讲的结论段的写作策略,做到了内容具体,总结得当,可以算是一个合格的结尾段落。