英语科技论文写作的常用句式
导语:英文科技论文写作是进行国际学术交流必需的技能。那么它的写作句式都有哪些?以下是小编为大家搜集的文章,欢迎大家阅读与借鉴!
研究现状模块的常用句式
研究现状模块,主要阐述其他学者、也包括作者本人与论文要探讨的问题或现象相关的研究工作,通常先“总”后“分”地陈述。研究现状这部分的目的是引出存在的问题。
“总述”常用一个句子概括相关的研究工作,一般用现在完成时:
(1)用主动语态时,常用researcher/author/investigator/writer等作主语,如:Many/Several/A number of/Few researchers have studied/investigated/examined/explored/reported on/discussed/considered+研究主题.
(2)用被动语态时,常用study/research/investigation/experiment/work/attention等作主语。如果描述“研究主题”的单词少,那么“研究主题”可置于句中,如:Many studies/researches/investigationes/experimentes on+研究主题+have been performed/done/published.当描述“研究主题”的单词较多时,可置于句末,如:Much work/attention has been performed/done/published on+研究主题.
用被动语态时,也可用“研究主题”作主语,如:研究主题+has been studied/investigated/examined/explored/reported on/discussed/considered by many investigators/several researchers/a number of authors/few writers.又如:The study of+研究主题+has been widely reported/found/published in the literature.
“分述”是具体地介绍他人所做的相关研究成果。需要注意的是,这部分所列参考文献要准确、全面,不能堆积,更不能将每篇参考文献的摘要抄一遍,而是要概括出与论文研究有关的要点:
(1)用主动语态时,可用学者的姓氏作主语(下例中用somebody替代了学者的姓氏)。常采用过去时(也可用现在完成时)。值得一提的是,文献[1]只总结了下述第一、二种句式,事实上,笔者发现第三种句式比前两种句式更常见得多:
第一种是主从复合句,如:Somebody showed/found/reported/noted/suggested/observed/pointed out+that从句。其中that从句是叙述somebody所做的具体研究成果。
第二种是并列两个句子,第一句仅描述某位学者的研究活动,第二句才叙述其研究成果。如:Somebody studied/researched/investigated/explored/examined the effect of X on Y.He/They found+that从句.
第三种是简单句,直接介绍某学者的研究工作,如:Somebody investigated/has investigated+研究内容(+by/using X method)。当依次介绍多位学者的研究工作时,为避免单调,可根据不同的研究内容轮换使用下述动词,如study,solve,seek,describe,predict,carry out,emply,develop,find,calculate,analyse,obtain,present,propose,report,account for,take into account,establish等.
(2)采用被动语态的简单句,用研究内容作主语。如:研究内容+ was/has been investigated+by somebody using X method.
指出问题模块的常用句式
指出问题模块是在阐述和分析研究现状之后,指出仍有某个(或某些)问题或现象值得进一步研究,目的是在“研究现状”模块与“研究目的或内容”模块之间起到承上启下的作用,通常1—2个句子即可。可以用 It should be mentioned that引导,例如:It should be mentioned that in all references discussed above the foundation has been assumed to be linear in order to simplify the model.但更常见的是用However引出:
(1) 阐述“对于论文将要开展的工作,已有文献没有考虑”时,可用现在完成时被动语态的句式,如:However,论文中将要展开的研究工作+have not been considered/have not been taken into account/have been ignored/have been neglected in the mentioned above studies/researches/works/investigations.
(2) 阐述“对于论文将要开展的工作,已有文献研究得较少”时,可以使用形容词rare,通常用现在时,如:However,the literature/work/research/attention concerning+论文将要展开的研究工作+is rare.但是,更常见的情况是:用 few,little 或 no 等修饰词引出。用 little 或 no 来修饰 work,literature,research 及 attention 等不可数单数名词,用 few 或 no 来修饰studies,papers,researchers 及 investigators 等可数的.复数名词;后面通常用现在完成时或现在时。
现在完成时的句式:However, few studies have been done on/few studies have been published on/few studies have reported on/few researchers have studied/little research has been devoted to/little attention has been paid to/little information has been published concerning/no work has been done on/no systematic research has been dedicated to+论文将要开展的工作.
现在时的句式:However, little literature is available on/litile is known about/there is little literature available on+论文将要开展的工作.
(3) 阐述“对于论文将要开展的工作,已有文献只探讨了相对的工作”时,用:However,all the researches/studies/inverstigations/works mentioned above+be limited to/be based on/be concemtrated on+相对工作。关于“相对工作”的含义,请参考下述三例理解。(i) ... are limited to the cases that ( the external load is moving on the horizonal beams).已有文献只研究了水平梁课题,而论文中将要研究的是与之“相对”的倾斜梁(inclined beam)课题。(ii) ... are based on the assumption of ( vehicle/track symmetry in order to simplify the calculation).已有文献只研究了车辆/轨道对称课题,而论文将要研究的是与之“相对”的车辆/轨道不对称(vehicle/track asymmetry ) 课题。(iii) ... are mainly concentrated on ( the forward problem,i.e.determination of the dynamic responses due to moving vehicle loads).已有文献研究的课题是求解动力响应,而论文将要研究的是与之相对的荷载识别(inverse problem,i.e.force identification from the dynamic response of the continuous bridge)课题。
研究目的或内容模块的常用句式
通常情况下作者在最后一段叙述论文的研究目的,概括性地介绍论文的研究内容。在叙述论文的研究目的或内容时,论文的创新点(新的研究方法、或新的研究内容、或新的研究理论等)就会展示出来。为了使读者清楚地知道作者自己的研究工作不同于所列文献中的工作,这个模块的首句常包含this paper/study/research/investigation 或 in this paper/study/research/investigation等词语。
(1) 用现在时的主动语态句式,例如:This paper describes/presents/develops/proposes a new model/theory/method for+论文将要研究的主题.The objective/purpose/aim of this paper/study is to develop a new model/theory/method for+论文将要研究的主题.
(2) 用现在时的被动语态句式,如:In this paper,a general numerical analysis theory is presented, which is capable of solving... .又如:An asymmetrical vehicle/track dynamic model,which is a finite element time — domain model,is presented in this paper.
(3)如果论文是对已有研究工作的扩展,可用下列包含 extension 或 extend 的句式。如:This paper call be regarded as all extension of the paper by somebody,as the latter laid the theortical foundation for the present study.又如:this paper extends the theoretical framework laid down by somebody for the analysis of+论文将要研究的主题.
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