英语定语从句总结完整

2020-07-05总结

  定语从句(Attributive clauses)

  在句中修饰名词或代词的从句,因其修饰作用相当于形容词,故称形容词性从句,即通常所说的定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。引导定语从句的有:

  (1)关系代词: 先行词为人:who, whom, that, whose

  先行词为物:which, that, whose

  (2)关系副词:when, where, why

  注意: 关系词起三个作用:①连接先行词和定语从句②替代先行词③在从句中担任成分 what不能引导定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后,但有时也被一个短语隔开。 例如:I was the only person in my office who was invited.

  I. 关系代词引导的定语从句

  关系代词所代替的`先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 定语从句的构成: 先行词 + 关系词 + 从句

  人 物

  主格 Who/ that Which/ that

  宾格 Whom/ that/ who Which/ that

  定语 whose Whose: …of which

  (1)who, whom, that

  这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语和宾语。关系代词充当宾语可以省略。例如:

  Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man (whom/ that) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

  (2)whose 用来指人或物,在定语从句中作定语,。 例如:

  Please pass me the book whose cover is red.(指物)

  The lawyer whose name is Wang Jin lives in Nanjing.(指人)

  (3)which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可做主语、宾语等。例如: Great changes which / that have never been seen before appears in the countryside.

  (which / that在句中作主语)

  The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)

  关系副词when, where, why在从句中充当状语,分别可表时间、地点或原因。

  I will never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.

  This is the house where Lu Xun once lived.

  I know the reason why he came late.

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