证据
25, Insufficient evidence:证据不足
The author claims that...by showing that....however, but this piece of information in itself is far from sufficient to demonstrate the assumption that...Although (the information provided by the author) may has some relation with ... (we need more critical important information about the case studied. ) More solid evidence are needed before we could be convinced that ...
Failing to consider the credibility of the evidence:
Unwarranted assumption/credibility of the evidence:无证据假设，攻击背景
The assumption that ...is open to doubt, since the author does not provide any single evidence to substantiate the assumption. (many other possibilities might render the assumption suspect. )Given other possibilities about... the author could not hastily assumes that...
Definition critique:对某一专用名词没有解释，比如药
One problem involves the definition of ...The author fails to give a clear definition of ... thus we could not evaluate if... (the definition might be different from what we commonly consider the term to be )As we commonly accept, ...usually means ... Therefore, if ...is defined as ... then ... is irrelevant to (the author’s conclusion)In one word, without a clear definition of ... it is impossible to assess the strength of the argument.
Negative evidence:自相矛盾的证据
The author cites the evidence that ...to convince us that ...(the information provided by the author could be used to refute the author’s conclusion.)However, this piece of evidence may well suggest that... and could serve to refute the author’s assumptionThe author should provide more convincing information to reconcile this apparent self-contradictory claim.