因为伊丽莎白此番的.确是为跳舞而来，她这样回答显然是违反了质量准则，目的是为了在一定程度上减少对达西正面面子的伤害，违反了质量原则而遵守了礼貌原则中的慷慨准则。
从这段对话可以看出，伊丽莎白虽不太喜欢达西的傲慢，但她的教养还是使她在言语中尽量减少利己的信息，让对方从掩护行为和话语信息中获得有益的信息。伊丽莎白对于达西的委婉拒绝表明偏见此时已经在伊丽莎白心里开始发芽生长了。
2.2 偏见的加深
3)The perpetual commendations of the lady either on hishand-writing, or on the evenness of his lines, or on the length ofhis letter, with the perfect unconcern with which her praises werereceived, formed a curious dialogue, and was exactly in unison withher opinion of each.…
“Thank you—but I always mend my own.”
“How can you contrive to write so even?”He was silent.
(Austen, 2004: 38)
在以上这段对话中，参与交谈的彬格利小姐和达西先生双方都违反了数量准则。
彬格利小姐所言“达西小姐收到了这样的一封信，将会怎样高兴啊!”是完全凭空臆想，缺乏证据。她类似“修笔真是我的拿手好戏”等诸多话语中信息量大大超过了所需要的信息，并且常常夸大其词，不断地在说恭维达西先生的话;而达西先生常常闭口不言，或是没有提供所需要的信息，或是提供的信息远小于所需的信息。达西的“你这话可说得不对。我写得相当慢”则是违反了礼貌原则中的一致准则。
前者过分遵守合作原则和礼貌原则，而后者多次违反合作原则和礼貌原则。这样强烈的反差“形成了一段奇妙的对白”，表现出彬格利小姐继续对话的强烈意愿，而后者正好相反。这种情形让女主人公伊丽莎白不免推断“的确没有把他们俩看错”：彬格利小姐十分势利，而达西先生十分傲慢。
4)“But what,”said she after a pause“can have been his mo tive?—what can have induced him to behave so cruelly?”“A thorough, determined dislike of me—a dislike which Icannot but attribute in some measure to jealousy. Had the late Mr.
Darcy liked me less, his son might have borne with me better; buthis father’s uncommon attachment to me, irritated him I believevery early in life. He had not a temper to bear the sort of competi tion in which we stood—the sort of preference which was oftengiven me.”
“I had not thought Mr. Darcy so bad as this—though I havenever liked him, I had not thought so very ill of him—I had sup posed him to be despising his fellow-creatures in general, but didnot suspect him of descending to such malicious revenge, such in justice, such inhumanity as this!”(Austen, 2004: 65)这段对话发生在伊丽莎白和韦翰之间。韦翰所说的一系列事件很明显他捏造的谎言，既违反了合作原则中的质量准则，又违反了礼貌原则中的赞誉准则和谦逊准则。为了最大程度减少对自己正面面子的伤害，韦翰编造了一个关于达西先生的谎言，使得伊丽莎白对于达西的偏见加深了。
2.3 偏见的最终形成
5)“And remember that I have not much reason for supposingit to be Bingley ... and from knowing them to have been togetherthe whole of last summer.”
“Did Mr. Darcy give you his reasons for this interference?”“I understood that there were some very strong objectionsagainst the lady.”
(Austen, 2004: 147)这段对话发生在费茨威廉和女主人公伊丽莎白之间。费茨威廉所说的“请你记住，我并没有足够的理由猜想他所说的那个人就是彬格莱”说明他提供的信息并没有足够的证据，违反了质量准则。而实际上，他所听说的“那位小姐有些条件太不够格”是完全不符合事实的。费茨威廉说这番话的语用目的是为了证明达西先生是一个关心朋友的人，总是能给彬格利先生出主意。但是在伊丽莎白的眼里，达西仅凭主观臆断就认为她姐姐不适合彬格莱是不合理的，完全是多管闲事。她认为达西无权做主彬格莱的婚姻。
在得知达西就是拆散她姐姐和彬格莱先生大好姻缘的罪魁祸首后，伊丽莎白“心里气透了”。这番话成为了达西先生无可救药的傲慢的进一步佐证，偏见最终形成了。
2.4 偏见的消除
6)“I must now mention a circumstance which I would wish toforget myself ... . My sister, who is more than ten years my junior ...
and after stating her imprudence, I am happy to add, that I owedthe knowledge of it to herself…Mr. Wickham’s chief object was un questionably my sister’s fortune, which is thirty thousand pounds;
but I cannot help supposing that the hope of revenging himself onme was a strong inducement. His revenge would have been com plete indeed.”这段话是从达西写给伊丽莎白的信中摘出来的。在达西写这封信的一天前，伊丽莎白拒绝了达西的求婚，这使得达西反省了自己的行为后打算向伊丽莎白解释，希望可以消除之前的误会和偏见。在这段语篇中，达西遵守了合作原则，并以损害自己的正面面子为代价遵守了礼貌原则中的谦逊准则、一致准则和同情准则，最终释清了误会，二人言归于好。 3 结论
众所周知，从一方面来说《傲慢与偏见》中的会话案例堪称经典，而另一方面来说偏见的发展是整个故事发展的核心。因此用语用学的方法研究《傲慢与偏见》中的会话含义以探讨偏见的形成能够对理解小说有极大益处，不仅可以更深刻的了解人物谈话的会话含义，诠释人物的性格特征，也能更好地欣赏奥斯丁的语言艺术，从而加深对小说主题的理解。
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