浅议科技论文结构型英文摘要的句型特点和表达方式论文

2020-07-25实用文

浅议科技论文结构型英文摘要的句型特点和表达方式论文

  在国际学术交流中的作用。因此,提高科技期刊文章的英文摘要质量十分重要,这也是加快我国科技期刊与国际接轨,促进学术交流的重要途径。

一、科技论文英文摘要的主要类型

  科技论文的英文摘要和中文摘要类似,不单要高度概括作者在正文中叙述的主要内容,抓住正文中有关试验过程、结果和结论等重点,还需要结合英文的特点进行准确规范的描述,能够使母语为非中文的读者能通过英文摘要,确定此论文对自己的重要性和参考价值。随着社会时代和语言环境的不断演化,目前,科技期刊的英文摘要主要类型有指示型,信息型和结构型,等等,需要我们在撰写论文的英文摘要时,结合文章内容类型和实际要求,区分其各自特点。

  指示型摘要(indicative abstract)也称为介绍型摘要,或者陈述型摘要,这种摘要一般较短,所描述的内容主要包括论文的论题和结论,或者概括表述作者的研究目的或者发展趋势。其目的是使读者对论文的主要撰写目的和大概内容有一个了解。指示型摘要一般不介绍试验方法、结果和作者的结论等具体内容,一般也不包含数据、公式、讨论等。指示型英文摘要一般篇幅只有30~60个单词,其主要谓语常用describe, indicate, introduce等。例如:

  Title: Simulation tests of transfer of Turbine generator

  Abstract: The simulation tests of transfer on turbine load and different changes was described。 It shows that the transfer curves of the main part parameters on the core simulator of Guangzhou turbine generator had been firmed in an optional status。

  Title: Summarize of Cell Disruption Technique and Application

  Abstract: Cell disruption of mechanical and non—mechanical technique and application were summarized in the paper。 Features and problems of these techniques were discussed。 In the end, the development of ultrasonic cell disruption technique was forecasted。

  信息型摘要(informative abstract)也就是常說的报道型摘要,有时也被称为资料型、材料型摘要。这种类型的摘要在当前专业英文期刊论文中普遍使用,其特点是主要介绍作者的研究目的(aim)、方法(method)、结果(results)和结论(conclusion)等,整个结构比较完整且一般有前后顺序和层次关系,可以说是整篇论文的高度浓缩,因此,信息型英文摘要的篇幅一般较长,根据实际表达的内容,整个摘要大约100~300个单词,上述各部分内容基本按顺序表述。例如:

  Title: Mathematic model of seed peeling efficiency with critical structure parameters based on orthogonal multinomial tests

  Abstract: In this paper, research results of peeling technology for some small diameter cereals were presented。 The study found out some inherent laws between the peeling parameters, such as the helix angle, gears interval, rotating speed and the gears gap, and the peeling effect with a mathematic model after taking many orthogonal multinomial regressive tests with multi—factors and multi—levels。 The main test material is rapeseed, the typical o ill seeds which is widely planted in the south China。 This research result laid a reference of optimizing design of apparatus for small diameter plant seeds peeling。

  结构型摘要(structured abstract)也就是常说的标注型摘要,或者叫标记型摘要。结构型摘要可以看成是信息型摘要的另一种形式,因为这种形式的英文摘要在信息型摘要的基础上更加突出摘要在表达上的层次性和要描述的重点内容。其和传统英文摘要的明显不同,在于摘要的行文中必须有明显突出的字体(一般用黑体或斜体)直接标示出论文的研究目的(aim)、方法(method)、结果(results)和结论(conclusion)等各部分内容。这种类型的英文摘要由于需要表达论文的完整要点,一般篇幅较长,有些会超过500字。突出的字体便于读者直观找到论文的关键内容,也使整个摘要的表达形式更加简单明了,因此,广泛应用于理工科类科技期刊论文的摘要中。例如:

  Title: Optimized design and experiment of roller—crush board ginkgo huller

  Abstract: Aim The propose of the study is to overcome shortcomings of gingko hulling process of roller—crush board huller, low hulled rate, difficulty of crushed mixture, etc。 Methods A new structure of the huller was redesigned。 The crush board was improved, two shocking board were put into the crushing facility, and crushed mixture of gingko were separated with wind raising sieve。 After 4—factor—2—level orthogonal experiments had been accomplished, key parameter of the hushing equipment had been studied with the quantitative analysis。 Results The cracked nut rate T increases by 9% over before, and can reach 70%。 The smashed nut rate S is less than 12%, the rate of remained core in shell dropped to 10% and the rate of remained shell in core go to 8%, while the four key parameters (roller material, rolling interstice, rotate velocity and pre—treating) were adjusted to 45# steel, 10 mm, 1000 r/min and 4 hour under 50℃ infrared drying oven, respectively。 Conclusion The study got an optional parameters for a new generation of improved prototype of gingko huller。

二、結构型英文摘要的特点

  (一)结构型英文摘要的层次描述比较清晰

  结构型英文摘要与中文摘要一样,有比较清晰的层次结构,一般包括:目的,即作者拟定论文的目的以及拟解决的问题,或者论述的观点;方法,即作者撰写论文的主要过程,有时还包括所采用的技术手段,试验方法,还可以包括主要的仪器设备、操作过程和所采用的材料,等等;结果,即论文所获得的试验结果或论证的结果,可能还包括数据及关系式等规律性的东西;结论,即文章要阐明的理论,现象或观点等。上述层次关系在结构型摘要中按顺序展开,使读者通过英文摘要能一目了然地了解文章的概貌。

  (二)结构型摘要的句型相对固定

  结构型英文摘要按照层次关系在表述各部分内容时,其句型和语法是基本固定的,研究目的(Aim或Objective)部分基本都是不定式开头的陈述句,例如:In order to study the effect of radiated cellulose by low energy electrons of the nitrocellulose。方法(Method)部分经常使用study, consider, discuss, investigate, analysis, develop等单词。结果(Results)部分则直接采用简单句的型式,并多用present, report, illustrate等表达结果的单词。结论(Conclusion)部分则简单明了地表达文章发现的规律或总结性结论,常采用summary, outline, rule等词汇。

  (三)结构型摘要的重点十分突出

  有别于指示型和消息型的英文摘要,结构型英文摘要由于在摘要中用明显不同的字体突出了文章的研究目的(aim)、方法(method)、结果(results)和结论(conclusion)等,视觉上的重点十分突出,读者很容易在第一时间发现该科技文章各部分的要点,提高了阅读速度和效率,尤其对于母语为非英语的同行,通过阅读结构型英文摘要,能快速了解并决定该文章有无继续阅读全文的必要。例如:

  Title: Determination of disruption rate of recombinant hansenula polymorpha cells expressing HBsAg

  Abstract: Objective To develop a method for rapid determination of disruption rate of recombinant Hansenula polymorpha(HP)cells expressing HBsAg。 Methods The disruption rate of recombinant HP cells was determined by microscopic counting and capillary centrifugation after staining, and the protein contents in supernatants of cells before and after disruption were determined by Lowry method to evaluate the disruption rate indirectly。 Results The disruption rate of cells was directly calculated by microscopic counting, and the result was reliable。 The disruption rate of cells determined by capillary centrifugation was similar to that by microscopic counting。 The suspension of disrupted HP cells were well stained with Coomassie brilliant blue。 Conclusion Microscopic counting, capillary centrifugation method were suitable for evaluation of cell disruption rate, however, capillary centrifugation was rapid, simple and practical in actual production process。

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