篇三：Linggu Temple
Now we are on the way to the Linggu Temple Park. On our right there is a fishing terrace with beige glazed tiles built in 1937. It was a monument to Dr. Sun Yatsen from the National Military Academy, which was founded by Dr. Sun Yatsen in 1924.
Linggu Temple lies about one and a half kilometers to the east of Dr. Sun Yatsen 's Mausoleum. It was called Jiangshan Temple in the ancient times and its original site was in Dulongfu at the foot of the Purple Mountain. However, in the early days of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang chose that place to build his tomb, thus the temple had to be moved and rebuilt at the present site and was renamed as the Linggu Temple with an inscription "The First Buddhist Forest " at the entrance to the mountain. Inside the entrance there is a secluded footpath with thousands of pine trees, verdant and luxuriant, so it is called the "Valley of Spirit Deep in Pines".It is one of the 48 attractions in Nanjing.
Inside the temple there is the Beamless Hall built in 1381 in the Ming dynasty. The hall, 53.8 meters long, 37.85 meters wide and 22 meters high, was built entirely of bricks and stones from top to bottom without a piece of wood. There are nine overlapping ridges and three dagobas decorating the top ridges. In size, the Beamless Hall stands first and foremost of its kind in China. It was built more than 200 years earlier than the other five of the same kind in the other areas: Xiangtong Temple at Wutai Mountain; Yongzuo Temple in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province; Wannian Temple on Ermei Mountain in Sichuan; Kaiyuan Temple in Shzhou and Longchang Temple in Jurong County. It far surpasses them all in solidity and magnificence. No wonder it is considered a masterpiece of Chinese stone-brick buildings. The difficulty involved in its construction and the complexity of techniques adopted testify the wisdom of the architectural technology of the time in China.
Beyond the Beamless Hall are the Wind-through-pines Pavilion and a nine-storeyed, over sixty-meter-high octagonal pagoda, with a corridor encircled by stone rails on each storey. Inside the pagoda a spiral staircase winds to the top through the nine stories. When one gets to the top story and gaze into the distance, one can get a view of the entire mausoleum area.
篇四：City Wall
The imposing city wall, as high as a five-story building, is the good impression of the visitors to Nanjing.
The building of the wall began in 1366, ordered by Zhu Yuanzhang who, two years later, founded the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). More than 200,000 people worked on the project and many of them died before the wall was completed in 1368.
The wall was 33.678 kilometers in circumference and 14.21 meters high on average. It was the longest city wall in the world and the city enclosed by it remained the world's largest until the 17thcentury.
In order to guarantee the quality of the wall, Zhu Yuanzhang had tight control over the making of all bricks. The brick makers and the officials were responsible for overseeing the quality. In case a brick was found not up to the standard, all of them were supposed to be punished.
Different from the square-shaped city walls of most ancient Chinese cities, Nanjing's wall followed the natural terrain and was built on a foundation of huge rocks. The bricks were cemented in with a mortar of lime mixed with tung oil and glutinous rice gruel. Many parts of the wall are still in good condition.
The city wall has 24 gates, among which the Zhonghua (China) Gate, formerly called the Treasure Pot Gate, is the largest. Covering an area of 15,168 square meters, 20 meters high, the gate has 4 entrances with 4 doors. Behind the first conventional double panel wooden door, there are 3 other 23-centimeter-thick vertically sliding stone doors. The heavy stone doors are lifted and dropped with the help of a mechanical winch. If enemy troops broke through the first wooden door, they could be separated and trapped inside by the dropping of the other 3 stone doors. This strategy is known in China as "beating dogs behind a bolted door."
The first entrance is in a three-tier building in which 27 tunnels are built. These tunnels are big enough to accommodate more than 3,000 soldiers and store large quantity of food and ammunitions. On its both sides there are wide horse ramps. At the top, a rostrum allows a commanding view. Unfortunately, this rostrum and parts of the wall were destroyed by the Japanese during the Second World War.
Now the Nanjing Municipal Government plans to have part of the city wall repaired and some of the city gates renovated.
篇五：Confucius Temple
To the south of Nanjing, sits the Confucius Temple on the bank of the Qinhuai River in the old town. Built in the Song Dynasty, it is the ritual place of worshipping and offering sacrifices to Confucius. But now the whole area, after its recent renovation and restoration, becomes a replica of old local life and typical architecture in Ming and Qing styles. Accomplished with the secondary reconstructing project on the basis of its original scale in 1997, the dainty snacks street, Wang's and Xie's old residences in Wuyi Lane and the Oriental Art Courtyard have been restored to increase the cultural atmosphere in the temple area.
Former Residence of Wang's and Xie's at Wuyi (Black Clothes) Lane.
The place was the former army garrison of Wu Kingdom, which dates back to over 1,700 years ago. The soldiers wore black clothes at that time, hence the name, Wuyi Lane. In early East Jin Dynasty, Prime Minister Wang Dao lived here. Wuyi Lane gradually became the residence area for Wang's and Xie's (Xie An was also a high-ranking official during East Jin Dynasty). During the mid-Tang Dynasty, poet Lin Yuxi visited Wuyi Lane and sighed in his famous poem, "The swallows from the residence of wang's and Xie's are now entering the ordinary people's houses". The poem gives us a faint idea of the splendor of Wuyi Lane during the East Jin Dynasty. In 1997, the Qinhuai District People's Government renovated Wuyi Lane and Former Residence of Wang's and Xie's. It provides a wonderful place for tourists to understand the history of Nanjing during the six dynasties (Wu Kingdom, East Jin, Song, Qi, Liang and Chen dynasties, 229AD-589AD). Inside the residence there are many paintings, books and carvings of historic and artistic value.
Located on the Qinhuai River at the Confucius Temple Area, Nanjing Oriental Art Gallery is a building made of blue bricks and tiny tiles. Its graceful courtyard, secluded corridors, doors and windows with carvings and lattices reflect the style of Ming and Qing Dynasties. The art gallery was also called "Qifeng Gallery", since it was built by Zhu Qifeng, who lived in the period of the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty in Anhui Province. The gallery served as a place for the men in Zhu family to study for the imperial examination. This typical Anhui style building is the only one well preserved from Ming and Qing period at Confucius Temple area.
Fold Art Exhibition
Displayed here include kites, scented bags, door paintings, batik, coloured string knots, paper-cutting, masks, tree-root carvings, pyrograph, eccentric stones, and South China style paintings and calligraphy, Rain flower pebbles and woodcarvings.
Shadow Play
The 1,600-year-old shadow play only exists in China's Heilongjiang, Henan and Nanjing. Nanjing Shadow Play Troupe can play over a dozen of acts shadow play. When invited, the troupe can play for at hotel.
Local Delicacies
Nanjing Oriental Art Gallery has a restaurant with 50 seats. People can try the delicacies of Qinhuai River area.
Confucius Temple is located at the center of the old town of Nanjing. First build in the Song Dynasty; Confucius Temple was a place where students came to pay respect to Confucius. It was gradually renovated and expanded to a place with a group of Ming and Qing style buildings. A street of local delicacies, Former Residence of Wang's and Xie's at Wuyi Lane, and Nangjing Oriental Art Gallery were rebuilt and renovated in1997. Confucius Temple Area becomes a commercial and tourist site. It is a good place for tourists to understand traditional Chinese culture.
Jiangnan Imperial Examination Center was located to east of Confucius Temple. It was first built during Song Dynasty in a grand scale. It was called Jiangnan Examination Center because there was Jiangnan Province in Qing Dynasty. Chinese emperors began to select officials through imperial examination from Sui Dynasty in the 7thcentury.
Jiangnan Imperial Examination Center had its heyday during early Ming Dynasty when Nanjing was the capital of China. It was for the examinations at province level. Visitors today can see a watchtower, where the invigilators watched the students during the examinations, a good number of stone tablets and 40 cubicles where the students took the examinations in the daytime and slept at night. Sometimes visitors can also see a demonstration of the imperial examination.
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