①There is a book and some pens on the floor.
②There are some pens and a book on the floor.
肯定句:there is an apple on the table
否定句:there isn't an apple on the table.
一般疑问句: Is there an apple on the table? 回答:yes, there is. / No, there isn't 特殊疑问句:what is there on the table.
1. 定义:There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。
2. 结构:
(1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语.
(2) There are +复数名词+地点状语.
there是引导词,在句中不充当任何成分,翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物,谓语动词be要与主语(某人或某物)的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时,谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。
① There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。
② There is a teacher and many students in our classroom.
我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。
③ There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 树下有两个男孩,一个女孩。
3. There be句型与have的区别:
(1) There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下:There be表示“某处存在某物
或某人”;have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”,它表示所有、拥有关系。
①He has two sons. 他有两个儿子。
②There are two men in the office. 办公室里有两个男人。
(2)当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时,There be 句型与其可互换。
①A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一个星期有七天。 4 变脸一:否定句
There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样,在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同:not是副词,no为形容词,not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.。例如:
There are some pictures on the wall. →There aren't any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall.
There is a bike behind the tree. → There isn't a bike behind the tree=There is no bike behind the tree.
5 变脸二:一般疑问句
There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首,再在句尾加上问号即可,此为"调整法"。但同时要注意:当肯定句中有some时,要将其改为any(否定变化也一样)。看看下面两句是如何"改头换面"的吧:
There is some water on Mars. → Is there any water on Mars?
There are some fish in the water. →Are there any fish in the water?
6 变脸三:特殊疑问句
There be句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化:
① 对主语提问:当主语是人时,用"Who's+介词短语?";当主语是物时,用
"What's + 介词短语?"。注意:无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如:
There are many things over there. →What's over there?
There is a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room?
② 对地点状语提问:提问地点当然用"Where is / are+主语?"啦!例如:
There is a computer on the desk. → Where is the computer?
There are four children on the playground. →Where are the four children? ③ 对数量提问:一般有两种句型结构:
How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语?
How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语?五 、一般现在时
一般现在时:
1) 它表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
e.g. I go to school on foot. He is very busy now.
2)表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。
e.g. He can swim. I work hard. I like watching TV.
3)表示客观真理,表示格言或警句中
e.g. There are seven days in a week. The moon moves round the earth.
一 其结构按正常语序,即“主语+谓语+其它”,有时为了起强调作用,时间状语也可提前.
二 其句式变化可分为两种情况
1)表示动作, 一般人称作主语的,变否定句须在动词前加助动词don’t;变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词do。
They have lunch at 12:00. They don’t have lunch at 12:00.
Do they have lunch at 12:00?
2)单三人称做主语的,变否定句须在动词前加助动词doesn’t;变一般疑问句须在句首
加助动词does。
Jenny speaks English very well. Jenny doesn’t speak English very well.
Does Jenny speak English very well?
含有be动词的要在be上做变化.
E.g. Danny is a good student. Danny isn’t a good student.
Is Danny a good student?
三 其时间状语为often、 usually、 always、 sometimes等频率副词,on Saturdays、 in the morning(afternoon evening) 、every day 等。
做题时常见错误如下:
一、be动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中
例:We are plant (plant) the trees in spring.
解析:学生往往会用汉语的思维方式去翻译,就成了“我们是在春天植树”。这是学习英语最忌讳的,要看语法是不是正确,在英语中,be是表状态,do是表动作,两种动词不能同时出现在句子中,可记住如下口诀:“英汉语言有差异,be 、do不能放一起,仔细琢磨细分析,语法千万要牢记。”
二、单三人称形式易出错
例:1 He plaies (play) football very well.
2 Danny gos (go) to school at 7:10. 答案:1 plays 2 goes
解析:1以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变单三人称形式才能把y换成i再加es;2与名词变
复数不同,变单三人称形式以o结尾的词要加es.
三、在句式变换时易出错
例:1 Does Jenny has (has) a good friend?
2 Brian doesn’t lives (not live) in China. 答案:1 Does have 2 doesn’t live 解析:单三人称做主语的一般现在时做句式变化时,可记住如下口诀:“见助动,用原形”。
此口诀也可推广用于一般过去时态中。e.g. He didn't go home yesterday.
四、对do的理解易出错
例:We don’t (not do) our homework in the afternoon. 答案:don’t do
解析:do是一个比较难理解的词,它有三个含义: a)是所有行为动词的总称;b)是助动 词,无实义;c)是一个具体的行为动词“做,干”。此句中给出的do指“做,干”,not指把此句变为否定句,故须在do前加助动词don’t。
五、对主语的数判断有误
例: Li Ming with me are (be) in Beijing. 答案: is
解析:表面一看是“我和李明两个人在北京”,但with在此做伴随状语,不能做主语,故用is. 另外,宾语从句中,从句部分若是表示客观真理,不管主句是何时态,从句都要用一般现在时;在时间和条件状语从句中,主句表将来,从句要用一般现在时。
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